other:Article Title: Xanthone Dimers in Angiosperms, Fungi, Lichens: Comprehensive Review of Their Sources, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties.
Article Snippet: Compounds BiologicalActivities Testing Subjects Outcome Effects/Mechanisms Ref. Garmoxanthone (29) Antibacterial MRSA (ATCC 43300)MRSA (CGMCC1.12409) MIC = 3.9 μg/mL — [20] Vibrio rotiferianus (MCCC E385), V. vulnificus (MCCC E1758), V. campbellii (MCCC E333) MIC = 15.6–31.2 μg/mL — [20] Garcilivin A (30) Cytotoxicity MRC-5 cells IC50 = 2.0 μM — [47] Antiparasitic Trypanosoma brucei brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 0.4 μM IC50 = 4.0 μM IC50 = 6.7 μM — [47] Garcilivin C (31) Cytotoxicity MRC-5 cells IC50 = 52.3 μM — [47] Antiparasitic T. cruzi IC50 = 7.7 μM — [47] Schomburgkixanthone (37) Hypoglycemic In vitro inhibition rat intestinal a-glucosidase (maltase, sucrase) IC50 = 0.79 μM IC50 = 0.81 μM — [52] Puniceaside B (41) Neuroprotective H2O2-induced PC12 cell Cell viability 98.1% ± 6.8 at a concentration of 25 μg/mL — [23] Subplenone C (43) Antibacterial Methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 and 700698, S. aureus ATCC 29213 MSSA, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 MSSE MIC = 1.0–4.0 μg/mL — [56] Phomalevone A (44) Antibacterial B. subtilis (ATCC 6051) andS. aureus (ATCC 29213) Inhibitory zones of 36 and 23 mm — [57] Subplenone D (45) Antibacterial Methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 and 700698, S. aureus ATCC 29213 MSSA, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis ATCC 51299, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ATCC 700221, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 VSE, and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 MSSE MIC = 0.125–4.0 μg/mL — [56] Subplenone E (46) Antibacterial As above MIC = 0.125–2.0 μg/mL — [56] Subplenone F (47) Antibacterial As above MIC = 0.25–4.0 μg/mL — [56] Phomalevone C (48) Antibacterial B. subtilis (ATCC 6051) and S.aureus (ATCC 29213) Inhibitory zones of 34 and 22 mm — [57] Antifungal Aspergillus flavus (NRRL 6541) and Fusarium verticillioides (NRRL 25457) Inhibition zones of 10 mm IC50 = 4 μg/mL against A. flavus, MIC = 10 μg/mL against F. verticillioides — [57] Subplenone I (49) Antibacterial Methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 and 700698, S. aureus ATCC 29213 MSSA, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis ATCC 51299, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium ATCC 700221, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 VSE, and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 MSSE MIC = 0.5–16 μg/mL — [56] Molecules 2025, 30, 967 24 of 45 Table 3.
In Vivo:Article Title: Xanthone Dimers in Angiosperms, Fungi, Lichens: Comprehensive Review of Their Sources, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties.
Article Snippet: .. Compounds BiologicalActivities Testing Subjects Outcome Effects/Mechanisms Ref. Bigarcinenone B (13) Antioxidative 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radicalscavenging method IC50 = 20.14 μM — [37] Luminol-H2O2-CoII-EDTA luminescence system IC50 = 2.85 μM — [37] Biscaloxanthone (14) Cytotoxicity Human lung carcinoma (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), cervical cancer (C33A), and normal rat fibroblast (3T3L1) IC50 > 50 μM — [38] Globulixanthone E (15) Antimicrobial Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Vibrio anguillarium (ATCC 19264) MIC = 3.12–5.56 μg/mL — [39] Garcinoxanthone B (17) Anti-inflammation Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells IC50 = 11.3 ± 1.7 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Garcinoxanthone C (18) Anti-inflammation As above IC50 = 18.0 ± 1.8 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Cratoxyxanthone (19) Cytotoxicity K562, HeLa cells IC50 = 17.1–39.8 μg/mL — [112] Bigarcinenone A (20) Antioxidative DPPH radical-scavengingtest IC50 = 9.2 μM — [22] Bixanthone C (21) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Bixanthone D (22) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Jacarelhyperol A (24) Anti-PAF Male ddY mice (SPF grade),6 weeks old — Inhibit PAF-induced hypotension in vivo [44] Jacarelhyperol B (25) Anti-PAF As above — As above [44] Griffipavixanthone (28) Anticancer Human non-small-cell lungcancer H520 cell IC50 = 3.03 ± 0.21 μM Induce cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway accompanying with ROS production [25] Human esophageal cancer cell line TE1 and KYSE150 cells — Inhibit cell migration and invasion; render cell proliferation and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest; inhibit tumor metastasis and proliferation via downregulating RAF–MEK–ERK pathway [15] Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and T-47D IC50, 48h = 9.64 ± 0.12 μM IC50, 48h = 10.21 ± 0.38 μM Increase the mRNA and protein expression level of p53 and its target genes, upregulate p53 and Bax expression, suppress Bcl-2 expression, induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis [14] Hypoglycemic Sucrase IC50 = 4.58 μM Inhibit sucrase [52] XO inhibitors Xanthine oxidase IC50 = 6.3 μM Inhibit XO [42] Molecules 2025, 30, 967 23 of 45 Table 3. ..
Migration:Article Title: Xanthone Dimers in Angiosperms, Fungi, Lichens: Comprehensive Review of Their Sources, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties.
Article Snippet: .. Compounds BiologicalActivities Testing Subjects Outcome Effects/Mechanisms Ref. Bigarcinenone B (13) Antioxidative 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radicalscavenging method IC50 = 20.14 μM — [37] Luminol-H2O2-CoII-EDTA luminescence system IC50 = 2.85 μM — [37] Biscaloxanthone (14) Cytotoxicity Human lung carcinoma (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), cervical cancer (C33A), and normal rat fibroblast (3T3L1) IC50 > 50 μM — [38] Globulixanthone E (15) Antimicrobial Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Vibrio anguillarium (ATCC 19264) MIC = 3.12–5.56 μg/mL — [39] Garcinoxanthone B (17) Anti-inflammation Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells IC50 = 11.3 ± 1.7 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Garcinoxanthone C (18) Anti-inflammation As above IC50 = 18.0 ± 1.8 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Cratoxyxanthone (19) Cytotoxicity K562, HeLa cells IC50 = 17.1–39.8 μg/mL — [112] Bigarcinenone A (20) Antioxidative DPPH radical-scavengingtest IC50 = 9.2 μM — [22] Bixanthone C (21) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Bixanthone D (22) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Jacarelhyperol A (24) Anti-PAF Male ddY mice (SPF grade),6 weeks old — Inhibit PAF-induced hypotension in vivo [44] Jacarelhyperol B (25) Anti-PAF As above — As above [44] Griffipavixanthone (28) Anticancer Human non-small-cell lungcancer H520 cell IC50 = 3.03 ± 0.21 μM Induce cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway accompanying with ROS production [25] Human esophageal cancer cell line TE1 and KYSE150 cells — Inhibit cell migration and invasion; render cell proliferation and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest; inhibit tumor metastasis and proliferation via downregulating RAF–MEK–ERK pathway [15] Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and T-47D IC50, 48h = 9.64 ± 0.12 μM IC50, 48h = 10.21 ± 0.38 μM Increase the mRNA and protein expression level of p53 and its target genes, upregulate p53 and Bax expression, suppress Bcl-2 expression, induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis [14] Hypoglycemic Sucrase IC50 = 4.58 μM Inhibit sucrase [52] XO inhibitors Xanthine oxidase IC50 = 6.3 μM Inhibit XO [42] Molecules 2025, 30, 967 23 of 45 Table 3. ..
Expressing:Article Title: Xanthone Dimers in Angiosperms, Fungi, Lichens: Comprehensive Review of Their Sources, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties.
Article Snippet: .. Compounds BiologicalActivities Testing Subjects Outcome Effects/Mechanisms Ref. Bigarcinenone B (13) Antioxidative 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radicalscavenging method IC50 = 20.14 μM — [37] Luminol-H2O2-CoII-EDTA luminescence system IC50 = 2.85 μM — [37] Biscaloxanthone (14) Cytotoxicity Human lung carcinoma (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), cervical cancer (C33A), and normal rat fibroblast (3T3L1) IC50 > 50 μM — [38] Globulixanthone E (15) Antimicrobial Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Vibrio anguillarium (ATCC 19264) MIC = 3.12–5.56 μg/mL — [39] Garcinoxanthone B (17) Anti-inflammation Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells IC50 = 11.3 ± 1.7 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Garcinoxanthone C (18) Anti-inflammation As above IC50 = 18.0 ± 1.8 μM Inhibit production of NO [40] Cratoxyxanthone (19) Cytotoxicity K562, HeLa cells IC50 = 17.1–39.8 μg/mL — [112] Bigarcinenone A (20) Antioxidative DPPH radical-scavengingtest IC50 = 9.2 μM — [22] Bixanthone C (21) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Bixanthone D (22) Treat hepatic brosis — — — [27] Jacarelhyperol A (24) Anti-PAF Male ddY mice (SPF grade),6 weeks old — Inhibit PAF-induced hypotension in vivo [44] Jacarelhyperol B (25) Anti-PAF As above — As above [44] Griffipavixanthone (28) Anticancer Human non-small-cell lungcancer H520 cell IC50 = 3.03 ± 0.21 μM Induce cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway accompanying with ROS production [25] Human esophageal cancer cell line TE1 and KYSE150 cells — Inhibit cell migration and invasion; render cell proliferation and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest; inhibit tumor metastasis and proliferation via downregulating RAF–MEK–ERK pathway [15] Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and T-47D IC50, 48h = 9.64 ± 0.12 μM IC50, 48h = 10.21 ± 0.38 μM Increase the mRNA and protein expression level of p53 and its target genes, upregulate p53 and Bax expression, suppress Bcl-2 expression, induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis [14] Hypoglycemic Sucrase IC50 = 4.58 μM Inhibit sucrase [52] XO inhibitors Xanthine oxidase IC50 = 6.3 μM Inhibit XO [42] Molecules 2025, 30, 967 23 of 45 Table 3. ..
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